Lesson - 1
Crop Production and Management
Crop
When Plants of the same kind are grown and cultivated at one place on a large scale, it is called a Crop.
Types of Crop
1. Kharif Crops
2. Rabi Crops
Kharif Crops & Rabi Crops
Kharif Crops
The Crops which are sown in the rainy season in India is generally from June to september.
Ex. paddy , maize etc.
Rabi Crops
The crops grown in the winter season are called rabi crops. Thier time period is generally from October to March.
Ex. wheat , mustard etc.
Practices of Crop Production
Agricultural Practices:-
- Preparation of soil
- Sowing
- Adding manure and fertilisers
- Protecting from weeds
- Harvesting
- Storage
Ploughing
The Process of turning of soil is called Ploughing. This is very important for crops.
Tools for Ploughing
Plough
This is being used since ancient times for tilling the soil. Adding fertilisers to the crop, Removing the weeds. Scrapping of soil, etc. This implement is made of wood and is drawn by a pair of bulls or other animals (horses, camels etc.). It contains a strong triangular iron strip called ploughshare. The main part of the plough is a long log of wood which is callled a ploughshaft. There is a handle at one end of the shaft. The other end is attached to the beam which is placed on the bull’s neck . One pair of bulls and a man can easily operate the plough.
Hoe
It is a simple implement which is used to removing weeds and for loosening the soil. It has a long rod of wood or iron.
Cultivator
Presently ploughing is done by tractor-driven cultivator saves labour and time.
Sowing
Sowing is the most important part of crop. Before sowing, good quality seeds are selected. Good quality seeds clean and healthy seeds of a good type. Farmers prefer to use seeds which give a high yield.
Tools used for sowing :- Funnel, seed drill etc.
Manure and fertilisers
The material which are added to the soil in the form of nutrients for the healthy growth of plants are called manure and fertilisers.
Irrigation
All living beings need water for his growth. as it is plants needs water for proper growth and development. Watering the plants is called irrigation.
Harvesting
Harvesting of a crop is an important task. The cutting of crop after it is mature is called harvesting.
Storage
Storage of produce is a very important task. If the crop grains are to be kept for a longer time, they should be safe from moisture, insects , rats and microorganisms.
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